Krafts food UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Krafts food UK - Essay Example The results indicated very strong positive correlation between flexible workplace practices and direct impact on employee performance criteria such as quantitative work output (r = +0.96), qualitative work output (r = +0.90), team working (r = +0.93) and recruitment and retention (r = +0.78). The results also indicated a very strong positive correlation between flexible workplace practices and indirect impact on employee performance criteria such as job satisfaction (r= +0.85) and organisational commitment (r = +0.87), except on stress which showed a weak positive correlation(r = +0.19). The results also indicated that majority of respondents felt that flexible work practices contributed positively towards quantity and quality of their output, increased loyalty towards the organisation and improved job satisfaction. Contents Abstract iv Contents v Table of Figures vii List of Tables vii Photo Credit vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research Significance 2 1.2.1 Rese arch Question 3 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 3 1.3.1 Primary Objective 3 1.3.2 Secondary Objectives 3 1.4 Research Methodology 4 1.5 Arrangement of Chapters 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 6 2.1. Workplace Flexibility 6 2.2 employee performance 8 2.2.1 Why measuring employee performance is important for flexible working 8 2.2.2 Measurement and evaluation of flexible work arrangements 8 2.3 Link between workplace flexibility and employee performance 9 2.4 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses 11 2.4.1 Testing of Hypotheses 12 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.1.1 Research Context 15 3.2 Research Design 16 3.2.1 Theoretical vs. empirical 17 3.2.2 Nomothetic vs. ideographic 17 3.2.3 Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal study 18 3.3 Research Method 18 3.3.1 Qualitative study 18 3.3.2 Quantitative study 19 3.4 Population and Sampling 21 3.4.1 Sample 21 3.4.2 Variables 22 3.5 Data Collection 22 3.5.1 Instrument for employee survey 22 3.5.2 Scaling 23 3.5.3 Ethical Issu es in Collection of Data 24 3.5.4 Data Analysis Technique 24 3.6 Practical Problems faced and Limitations 24 3.6.1 Practical problems faced 24 3.6.2 Limitations 24 3.6.3 Reliability and Validity 25 Chapter 4: Analysis, Findings & Discussion 27 4.1 Analysis 27 4.1.1 Demography 27 4.2.2 Flexible work arrangement 29 4.2.3 Employee performance 30 4.2.4 Testing of Hypotheses 33 4.2 Findings 36 4.2.1 Major findings 36 4.2.2 Other findings 37 4.3 Discussion 38 Chapter 5: Conclusions & Recommendations 39 5.1 Conclusions 39 5.1.1 Limitations of this study 40 5.2 Recommendations 41 References 42 Appendix 1: Employee Perception Survey 49 Employee Survey Questionnaire 50 1. Demography 50 2. Flexible Work Arrangement 50 Appendix 2: Employee Survey Report 57 1. Demography 57 2. Flexible work arrangement 57 3.Direct Impact on Performance 58 4. Indirect impact on performance 62 Table of Figures Figure 1: Types of workplace flexibility 7 Figure 2: Research design for primary study established for th e study 21 Figure 3: Demography of employee survey 28 Figure 4: The terms of flexible work arrangements 29 Figure 5: GPA Score of performance measurement variables 31 Figure 6: Summary of correlation between flexible work practices and consequent impact on employee performance. 35 List of Tables Table 1: Comparison between reliability and validity issues 26 Table 2: Example of calculation of GPA scores for employee performa

A Perspective on the Influence of College Clubs Essay Example for Free

A Perspective on the Influence of College Clubs Essay College clubs have been a part of university life since the very first fraternities and sororities were created. If the student so chooses, he or she can make college an experience to remember by joining a club. They range from things like journalism and math to sports such as soccer or lacrosse. People who join these clubs tend to have a background in the topic or at the very least, an interest in learning about it. There is a club for everything you can think of, and if there isn’t, it is not that hard to start one. Clubs in college, although similar to those in high school, are quite different in the types of people and the variety of cultures brought together by the sheer size and caliber of a college. The importance and benefits of college clubs cannot be numbered, not just for the students but also for the community. Though there are myriad benefits to joining a college club, some have brought up possible problems with joining or being able to join clubs. Academically speaking, college clubs have interfered with a student’s productivity, particularly in the areas of homework and studying. This leads into the economic issues with college clubs; students sometimes have trouble being able to pay fees to join clubs that they would like to join and therefore can be deprived of the experience simply because of financial issues. Finally the social perspective: some sociologists have been led to the conclusion that college clubs have, in several cases, caused social problems for students because of the connections people unknowingly make between a club name or topic and a preconceived notion about what it may concern. These arguments, while valid, do not outweigh the benefits derived from joining clubs. Joining a club during your freshman year of college is a great way to meet people who have similar interests. Finding friends in college can be difficult. College clubs can help change that because they bring together people from different cultures and backgrounds and create a common ground where they can discuss their ideas about a certain topic in a safe environment without having to worry about being ridiculed. College clubs are a way for people to establish their own socioeconomic status, or SES, within the campus and dictate their values. Depending on the clubs available, people join the ones that will most suit them and create a reputation just by the clubs they join. The various options come with various consequences and outcomes during and after college. Marybeth Walpole, an Assistant Professor at Rowan University, has discovered that the clubs one joins have been proven to shape the way one progresses through college, and, in some cases, completely alter the way one views the world after college. John Foubert and Lauren Grainger explored the psychological development of students in their freshman year and those in their senior year and the differences between the two. They found that students who get involved during their freshman year show more development over the course of the four year period and are more likely to continue to join clubs and find ways to involve themselves on campus. Clubs have a very influential and positive impact on both the students that participate in them and the campus, or community, where they take place. Research on college clubs has been tested and revealed several interesting facts about the correlation between academic performance and being part of a club. In general, taking part in a club has little to no effect on doing well academically in school. This generalization, taken from the statistical analysis of a collection of survey responses conducted by Myrnell L. Martin, a graduate of Missouri West, is applied with the knowledge that most clubs are non-academic and instead support extra-curricular activity. Many believe that clubs can interfere with homework and study time in a student’s life. This can be true if the student is unorganized and is unable to manage a schedule. With this in mind, a club can therefore act as a tool to help the student manage time more wisely. For most college students, participation in a club allows the student to have a basis on which he or she can create a schedule and arrange their daily lives. Homework and studying should not take a backseat to clubs but certainly does not have to as long as the students takes into account the amount of work that must be done both for the club and outside of the club. This concept, of successful time management, learned by the student because of joining a club in college, can then be applied outside of college in the working world. Joining a club can quite possibly cost a lot, depending, of course, on the club. Clubs whose fees are higher generally have smaller group and a much more developed program. Most clubs only require a few dollars out of pocket, perhaps twenty-five dollars at most, at the very beginning for small purchases here and there. Those clubs that don’t require any fees are usually the most populated and will have a greater chance of bringing people from very diverse backgrounds together. Although clubs may charge fees, many clubs will have payment options or even sponsorships from various third parties. This is truly beneficial for students who are stretched to the limit financially, especially at expensive universities. Paying for club participation is usually a sign of quality, and leads to an enriched environment in which the student can take more away from the experience. When clubs charge a fee, it means they have either activities planned for the club or possibly some food and paraphernalia throughout the year. While having to pay for a club does not sound like the most exciting thing in the world for college students, it will most likely to lead to a more rewarding experience and more enjoyment from that club. College clubs have their place on campus, and are often widely recognized as important contributors to the campus as a whole. In special cases, clubs have developed into organizations that play a major part in the goings-on on campus. These include student governing organizations and the like which have developed because students take an interest in government and ruling ideals which help these students later on in life because they learn about the democratic process in a hands-on environment, as well as leadership skills that can be applied across the board. Clubs have a history of improving campus life and involving students in societal projects to better the community. Edward Hartshorne conducted research in this field and discovered that college is the ideal place for continuous club organizations and their universal impact on the campus. He reasons that each student’s impact spans for an approximate seven year â€Å"generation,† where there are the three years ahead of the student as a freshman and then the three years behind the student as a senior. This provides for a perpetuation of ideas through normal contact which results in a link that can span for as long as the club or organization decides to continue. This continuation of clubs and ideas transforms into a sort of â€Å"college culture†, described by Hartshorne as the upholding of certain social â€Å"norms†, which were established long before each generation arrived and will continue to endure after that generation departs. I, myself, am currently involved in Cal Poly Club Lacrosse as well as Formula SAE, and feel I am better for it. It allows me to escape from the academic side of college and do physical exercise in a manner that suits me. I love playing lacrosse and though I find it hard to make the time commitment I have always been able to push myself to make time in my schedule for everything I need to get done. Club lacrosse helps me to organize myself because it creates a time pressure situation where I must manage my time wisely and complete the homework necessary before I plan time for myself. Although I have had less time to do the things I want to do, such as hang out with friends, I still am able to do these activities, just in moderation. However, I accomplish more because I strive to do better so that I don’t have to stress out over the small things. Lacrosse has also been an outlet for me to find new friends on campus which I can rely on because I know that lacrosse is important for them as well. Formula SAE allows me to utilize what I’ve learned in school and apply it to real life situations by designing a racecar to compete against other schools. I have learned a lot from both the club experience and the other members of the club. This club also allows me to spend time with other engineers who are interested in cars. Clubs have definitely made a difference in my life at Cal Poly and I’m that they can do the same for all college freshmen.

The Two Main Theories Of Nationalism Politics Essay

The Two Main Theories Of Nationalism Politics Essay During this assignment I will discuss the two main theories of nationalism and how it came about. The two main theories I will discuss are primordial ad constructivism. The fundamental definitions of nationalism will be primarily defined independently; afterwards nationalism will be justified as not being exclusive to any one of these theories but instead that they are linked together due to the complexity of politics and social transformation. Primordial nationalism is the theory that nations have a national identity embedded, nations are rooted in a common cultural heritage and language  [1]  where nationalism is not an ideology and that it is natural and instinctive. The constructivists theory states that national identity is forged in response to social and historical circumstances where it has an ideological basis for it to exist this also extends to the idea of nationalism used through the political dimensions and state power to achieve political objectives which is a polit ical ideological system.  [2]   Ideology In order to discuss the difficulties of defining nationalism it is essential we understand what ideology is. Ideology is an inherently subjective collection of ideas, or concepts, about how power should be, or is, ordered within society  [3]  . This ideology is to be understood by great masses of people, and it is about how to use power within a society. Primordial Nationalism: Primordial nationalism focuses on historic and inherent social practices as the source of the roots of its nation. The most fundamental factors of primordial nationalism are: That people are inherently group orientated and nations are a product of this. National identity is forged by common descent, shared language and a sense of territorial belonging. Nations are historical entities Nationalism is characterised by deep emotional attachments that resemble kinship ties. individuals identify with families, villages, regions, age, sex groups, classes, religions, ethnic and national communities  [4]   Such views are shared with philosophers such as Johann Herder who argues that each nation has a volksgeist which is the spirit of the people which expresses itself through song, myths and legends.  [5]   Anthony Smith, The Ethnic sources of Nationalism Anthony Smith advances the studies of primordial nationalism emphasising the continuity with modern nations and pre modern ethnic communities which he calls Ethnies  [6]  . He views pre modern ethnic communities as a template for modern states. For a nation to be present he believes that the most fundamental factors in achieving nationalism are namesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦myth of a common ancestryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦importance of historical memoriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shared cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦attachment to a specific territory [and]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ finally an element of solidarity  [7]  . From Anthony smith beliefs, there are three basic processes of ethno national transformation which is the transition from Ethnies to an ethnic nation. Ethno-nationalism is the ideology of uniting an ethno-cultural group with territory by way of genealogy  [8]  . The first process is called Vernacular Mobilization which involves the rediscovery of indigenous traditions, customs, symbols, memories and language by ethnic intellectuals. E.g. Quebecois nationalist movement. The second process is known as Cultural Politicization, in which the communitys cultural heritage is treated as a political resource, where what use to be regarded as traditions now become weapons in a cultural war waged both against outsiders and against the guardians of tradition e.g. Indian nationalism. The third process is known as ethnic purification which is a consequence of the other two processes. It begins with a return to the popular vernacular which is used specifically for political purposes and incorporates a belief in the sanctity of that culture. To preserve the culture it must be kept away from undesirable influences  [9]  . A good example of primordial nationalism is the Rwandan genocide in 1994 where in and around 800 people were murdered. It is argued that it was due to ethnicity and rivals between ethnic groups. The Hutu which were an ethnic group in Rwanda felt they needed to kill their ethnic neighbours the Tutsi so they could gain establishment and distinction of others ethnic identities. Constructivist theory: The constructivist theory states that national identity is forged in response to social and historical circumstances in which nationalism is a method of finding replacements for the loss of some cultural concepts. Constructivism links the origins of nationalism to the process of modernization. Constructivism can be related to three very important themes which are: The emergence of industrial economies which created new social tensions and broke traditional social bonds which begged the need for a national identity for the people. States play an important role in creating a sense of national identity which constructs a nation. The spread of mass education and mass literacy was a massive contribution towards national identity.  [10]   Ernst Gellner, Nations and Nationalism Ernst Gellner a philosopher stated that emerging industrial societies promoted social mobility and competition which inevitably required a new source of cultural cohesion which was to be provided by nationalism. Nationalism invented the nation not the other way around, Having a nation is not an inherent attribute of humanity but it has now come to appear as such  [11]  . He illustrates and discusses a nation in which for two men to be in the same nation requires two things: Common culture, as in a mutual understanding of each others meanings Recognition of mutual rights and duties to each other and virtue of shared membership in it. Benidict Anderson, Imagined Communities Benidict Anderson, an Irish academic, views nations as an imagined community  [12]  where individuals only meet a fraction of those with whom they share a national identity with. His theory of imagined communities suggests that nationalism is constructed through common literacy, common language, education, mass media and political socialization and that a nation as a community can only be imagined due to the sheer number of people who never see each other and the loss off supranational religions and political identities. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their the minds of each lives the image of their communion.  [13]   Constructivism through political views In re-constructing the political order of a society it is essential to have new ideologies, this has led to modern nations being built on philosophical grounds. A good example of this would be the USA which was founded on the principals of liberalism  [14]  . Once this ideological basis has being formed a historical identity is creation for the nation. Through this new discovery of the past cultural bonds and an essence of relationship between people is formed. Constructivism portrays nationalism quite clearly as an ideology. An extension to the constructivism theory is the political view of nationalism which states that nationalism has its objective of gaining and using state power. This form of nationalism relates to political movements already existing in states where they use the concept of the nation where the interests of the nation are supposed to take priority over all other interests where the nation has full sovereignty. Realistically its a response to the distinction between state and society, nationalism eliminates the distinction between cultural and political life where it soon becomes a dictatorship. Political Nationalism utilizes the perceived culture of society for the purpose of gaining political power.  [15]   Eric Hobsbawm, The invention of Tradition Marxists such as Eric Hobsbawm tend to view nationalism as a device through which the ruling class counters the threat of social revolution by ensuring that national loyalty is stronger than class solidarity thereby binding the working class to the existing power structure. Hobsbawm beliefs are that nations and nationalism is a product of modernism and have been created as a means to political and economic ends  [16]  . He discusses the inventions of tradition which are products of social creation which are engineered to serve the interests of the elites. After the invention those traditions establish continuity and use history as a legitimate action and cement a groups cohesion  [17]  . When a state is under pressure they would target class, church and the nation where they transferred people into citizens of a particular state, peasants into Frenchmen  [18]  . He believes that nationalism does not make states visa versa that states make nations. Hobsbawm argues that, at the time of the French revolution In 1789 only have of the people spoke some French and between 12%-13% spoke it fairly  [19]  . Nationalism is created at the top. True nationalist feelings will only occur if the needs of the average person can be achieved from it.  [20]   A good example of this would be Bismarckian unification with Germany in 1871. The inventions of traditions manifested with the concepts of cultural, political and military supremacy in which it could claim the right to be united as a single greater German state. This unification was the only historical experience which the citizens had in common. The Franco-German war was central as Germany had a national tradition which they clearly wanted to emphasise, they emphasised it through ceremonials and rituals invented. One gymnasium record there were no less than 10 ceremonies between august 1895 and march 1896 recalling the 25th anniversary of the Franco-Prussian war. Posen Barry Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power Posen another philosopher argues that nationalism is caused due to preparation of war and mass mobilization warfare. Nationalism is purveyed by states for the express purpose of improving their military capabilities  [21]  . Nationalism helps generate the individual commitment to make for military combat. The anarchical condition of international relations revolves around his idea of nationalism and why it is constructed. There are two aspects to his idea of nationalism which constitute literacy and ideology which are subject to state action, states institute compulsory education and engage in propaganda because military and political leaders believe that such ideas enhance the commitment of the groups to the purpose of the war to increase their willingness to sacrifice their lives  [22]  . He discusses the war between Prussia and France emphasising how large masses when used, needed nationalism where people were bred not trained. Political propaganda was used through journals and pamphlets which were often read aloud. There was an increased emphasis in literacy within the army as criterion for promotion. In 1794 it was made compulsory for commissioned and non- commissioned officers to read and write. John Lynn stated that these efforts were highly successful. Not only did they contribute to the well- known elan of these French troops, but they encouraged a rise in self- and group-imposed standards of performance and sacrifice. These standards facilitated the rapid training of these French troops, which he concludes was critical to their developing combat power. Without strong normative compliance, large scale reliance on open-order combat would have been out of the question. Conclusion Through my studies of nationalism and its main theoretical approaches I have come to the understanding and conclusion that nationalism is neither exclusively constructed or primordial, that it is a combination of these two theoretical approaches which forms the concept of nationalism. I believe that nationalism is founded primarily naturally and that the need to build a fundamental power structure influences the ignition of constructivism. Primordial nationalism acts a building block towards constructivism, without either of these two theoretical approaches nationalism would not exist.

Hamlet: A Sane Character Essay -- Hamlet Essays

The story Hamlet was composed by the playwright William Shakespeare, and is regarded as a timeless piece in both literature and theatre. Now, over four hundred years after Hamlet was written, society still continues to analyze its complex characterization (Reiss 769). In a Psychiatric Times article, twentieth century physician Alan Stone says, â€Å"Even today in our era of cultural diversity, Shakespeare remains the greatest figure of world literature, performed on every continent, surviving translation† (Allan 20). The protagonist Hamlet is a particularly multifaceted character. He is an intelligent being who appears to have been overcome by self-conflict due to the sudden murder of his father, the King of Denmark. The transgressions of the murderer, his uncle Claudius, drive Hamlet to a point of questionable sanity. It is Hamlet’s psyche which is a large topic of scholarly debate concerning the play. â€Å"Shakespeare’s understanding of the human condition mi raculously transcends his culture and place,† says Stone (Allan 20). Shakespeare had a particular interest in the human mind, mental conditions, and nosology. Upon evaluation of Hamlet’s sanity, it becomes apparent that these subjects are present in the play. The subject of Hamlet’s sanity is a vastly complex but not necessarily unexplainable topic. There is arguably evidence to support the protagonist’s sanity with: the seven soliloquies, the psychoanalysis of Hamlet’s character, and the utterance Hamlet makes in Act III. To begin, the seven soliloquies serve as a strong testament to Hamlet’s sanity because they convey his coherence like no other remarks made in the play. As the story digresses, there is an apparent shift in Hamlet’s demeanor. The rivaling question is, is Hamlet... ...Marian. "Hamlet’s seven soliloquies."  Philip Allan Literature Guide (for A-Level): Hamlet. Oxfordshire: Trans-Atlantic Publications, 2011. . Print. Crawford, Alexander W.  Hamlet, an ideal prince, and other essays in Shakesperean interpretation: Hamlet; Merchant of Venice; Othello; King Lear. Boston R.G. Badger, 1916.  Shakespeare Online. 20 Aug. 2009. . Reiss, Benjamin. "Bardolatry in Bedlam: Shakespeare, Psychiatry, and Cultural Authority in Nineteenth-Century America." ELH. Vol. 72. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UP., 2005. 769-97. Print. No. 4. Shakespeare, William.  Hamlet. 1603. Reprint. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1992. Print. Stone, Alan A. "Shakespeare and Psychiatry: A Personal Meditation."  Psychiatric Times  30: 20-21.  ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source. Web. 5 May 2014.

Most Valuable Things

The first thing valuable to me is God, he gives me the strength to get up everyday and want better, he gives me health, a wonderful life, a blessed mother and family. He also valuable, because he watches over me everyday and makes sure I’m ok, he made very unique and I thank him everyday. The second thing valuable to me is my mother. She motivates me to get a education and want to become a better person. She is one person that I can rely on to get anything I need and everything I want. The third thing valuable to me is phone, I love my phone with all my heart. I don’t know why my phone is so interesting but it is I can rely on my phone to tell me the truth, even though sometimes we have some difficulties we still all good. Candice Wilson 2nd Period May 1, 2011 The first thing valuable to me is God, he gives me the strength to get up everyday and want better, he gives me health, a wonderful life, a blessed mother and family. He also valuable, because he watches over me everyday and makes sure I’m ok, he made very unique and I thank him everyday. The second thing valuable to me is my mother. She motivates me to get a education and want to become a better person. She is one person that I can rely on to get anything I need and everything I want. The third thing valuable to me is phone, I love my phone with all my heart. I don’t know why my phone is so interesting but it is I can rely on my phone to tell me the truth, even though sometimes we have some difficulties we still all good. The first thing valuable to me is God, he gives me the strength to get up everyday and want better, he gives me health, a wonderful life, a blessed mother and family. He also valuable, because he watches over me everyday and makes sure I’m ok, he made very unique and I thank him everyday. The second thing valuable to me is my mother. She motivates me to get a education and want to become a better person. She is one person that I can rely on to get anything I need and everything I want. The third thing valuable to me is phone, I love my phone with all my heart. I don’t know why my phone is so interesting but it is I can rely on my phone to tell me the truth, even though sometimes we have some difficulties we still all good.

Nternational Marketing and Marketing Research

International Marketing and Marketing Research Compare the advertising campaigns (message, media, target audience†¦ )which company may use a) to launch new product b) to support a long established product whose sales are slowly declining Introduction Due to new challenges which business organisations encounter in ever changing environment, the present marketing must focus on much more than creating new products or services. It is vital to price them attractively and make them available to increasing demands of customers at place where they require them.However, an ffective marketing mix can be only successful only if all it parts take place One of the core aims of firms' marketing departments nowadays is to give emphasis to communication with their customers. The communication is based on understanding people's needs. The mission of marketing specialist is to create and design an unique sales promotion. Marketing communications is part of marketing mix. An important goal of adve rtising is to influence customers' choices and buying decisions, which will lead to accomplishment of marketing plans of the firm.Advertising has to be visible, clear, and easy to take in. Also, it has to identify the advertiser and their products or services. Marketers bring into play different advertising campaigns. during the ptoduct life cycle, product go through four different stages: introduction stage, growth stage, mature stage and declining stage. When the product is introduced for the first time in the market place, advertisement is aggressive; companies employ many means of direct and indirect marketing to promote it.Mass media are used since there is only little knowledge about this product among customers. Introducing new consumer goods is so-called informative advertising. Its main objective is to build a primary demand. A strategic aim firms follow when promoting the product for the first time is to inform potential buyers about it and highlight its features which dis tinguish it from competitors. Furthermore, this will create awareness about the product and influence consumers' perception. It also helps to build the firm's brand.In contrast, an advertisement of a new product is completely different from an advertisement of already established product, which has declining sales. Usually, these are products, which consumers have already known or used them and at some oint the sales curve start to decline. In this case, the promotion and advertising have marvellous impact to turn sales in opposite way. For example, the company offers some extra services. Furthermore, certain products can be offer with a complimentary product or discounts can take place. Price and non-price competition should be used at this point to keep the product at the market.When the sales are declining the main aim of marketing advertising strategy is to remind consumers of the product or service. The campaign in this case is trying to boost sales and profits. Advertising cam paigns vary. Firms can use a means of below and above the line marketing. below the line marketing include direct means of communication, most commonly direct mail and e-mail, often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates and above the line embrace advertising such as television, cinema, radio, print, and Out-of-home to promote brands or convey a specific offer.Literature review Advertising is non personal form of communication, presentation and promotion of consumer goods, which will lead to increasing the sales. The information about certain organization and its products is conveyed to potential buyers through mass edia, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, direct mail, public transport, outdoor displays, catalogues, internet. (Dibb, 2009) The main purpose of advertising is to inform or persuade members of particular audience about new products which will enter the market , or for the existence of promotions which will be appropriate for some c ostumers.On the other hand , the main use of advertising embrace the promotion ot products or an organization in order to awareness among target consumer segment. The most important sides of advertisement are stimulation of demand, off settings of rivals' advertising strategy, and to support elling drives. (Dibb, 2009) Also, advertising marketing strategy has to notify and educate a certain target market about a brand and its heightened marketing mix or product benefits(Dibb, 2009). Due to these facts, the general idea of all advertising campaigns is to enhance consumption of consumer goods.Identifying the target market The target market is a specific group of people within the market at which the advertising message will be convoyed through the mass media. The target market or audience can be created from people from the same gender, age group, or based on other common features. Researchers attempt to understand the needs of certain target audience and this will lead to creating of marketing message that will make consumers to respond. The consumer feedback plays an important role in designing an advertising campaign.Advertising budget The most difficult marketing decision is how much a company should spend on advertising. According to Kotler(2001), advertising budget usually is influenced by different stages of product life cycle. A product first appearance in the market place usually need higher advertising budget. The company in that stage has to emphasize n building awareness and to gain target consumers. Market shares also affect the budget, expanding the market share require higher advertising cost, on the other hand low share brands often have high advertising spending, which aim to increase sales.Rivals have the main point when a company sets its advertising budget. Developing advertising strategy Consisting of successful advertising strategy depends on advertising message and selecting media. In advertising, different creative strategies are used in order to obtain consumer attention and provoke shoppers to purchase or use a specific product. Advertisers use different ways of thinking to create catchy slogans that capture consumers' attention. Creative strategies promote publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion.